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Taxation in Europe

Taxation in Europe
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You can find here a selection of reports and papers on taxation in the EU and in European member States.





Government Spending

Government Spending
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The Negative Consequences of Government Expenditure - Jeffrey Miron, Mercatus Center, 2010
Does Government Spending Stimulate Economies? - Veronique de Rugy & Jakina Debnam, Mercatus Center, 2010





The Tobin Tax

Because of the "Tobin Tax", Professor James Tobin has involuntary become the spearhead of numerous anti-mondialist organizations. A tax synonymous of "compulsory charity" from "rich" (countries) (executing several billions of financial transactions) to "poor" (countries) (victims of the "law of the strongest"). The principle is a systematical taxation of all financial transactions. A simple and ethical principle? It is not that obvious... Numerous scientifical voices clearly explain why this kind of project is not applicable. First of all, such a principle implies an unanimous understanding between countries all over the world; if not, some new "Fiscal Eden" can appears. Next, who can prevent a government to increase the tax rate as high as it wants, even if this destabilizes all exchanges? James Tobin himself explains that some organizations have highjacked his name and his scientifical production to try to defend their ideals.





The Laffer Curve

The Laffer Curve
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The tale tells that Arthur B. Laffer sketched his famous curve on a napkin during a lunch with Jude Wanniski, Donald Rumsfeld and Dick Cheney. At that time, he surely did not imagine the renown that will follow this day of December 1974. The Laffer curve relates for each tax rate the expected total tax revenues. For low rates, tax rate and tax revenues move in the same way. But, as rates increase, this relation works in the opposite direction: higher tax rate produces smaller tax revenues. Hence, beyond this "maximum tax rate" the disincentive" effect of taxation is overwhelming. Nonetheless, this maximum rate is not empirically defined: it depends on place, time, circumstances, etc. The following file does not pretend to be exhaustive. Its goal is to introduce key arguments about Laffer Curve.





Tax Havens

Tax Havens
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The existence of tax havens is more than ever a subject of controversy. While the European Union, as well as the USA and the OECD countries are trying to put pressure on the governments of States considered as tax havens, the understanding of what is at stake is becoming more and more obscure. We are trying here to help you to form an objective opinion about this issue. 





Flat Tax

Flat Tax
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As opposed to a graduated or a progressive tax, the "flat tax" is proportional, that is to say a same rate applies for all classes of income and all entities with a class. Flat tax means the end of discrimination according to income or corporate revenues. This scheme is currently discussed in United States to simplify the old tax code; it is already in use in other countries like Russia, Estonia, or Slovaquia.



                
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